Oracle8 Backup and Recovery Guide
Release 8.0

A58396-01

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Preface

1 Why Perform Backups?

What Is a Backup?
Why Are Backups Important?
When to Take Backups
Types of Failures
Physical Database Structures
Control Files
Online Redo Log Files
Datafiles
Rollback Segments
Archived Logs

2 What Are You Backing Up?

The Online Redo Log
Online Redo Log File Contents
How Online Redo Log Files Are Written
Checkpoints
Multiplexed Online Redo Log Files
Threads of Online Redo Log and the Oracle Parallel Server
The Archived Redo Log
The Mechanics of Archiving
Archived Redo Log File Contents
Duplexing the Archived Redo Log
Database Archiving Modes
NOARCHIVELOG Mode (Media Recovery Disabled)
ARCHIVELOG Mode (Media Recovery Enabled)
Control Files
Control File Contents
Multiplexed Control Files
Types of Backups
Whole Database Backups
Tablespace Backups
Datafile Backups
Control File Backups
Archivelog Backups
Backup Formats
Backup Sets
Datafile Copies
Operating System Backups
Logical Backups

3 When to Perform Backups

Guidelines for Database Backups
Perform Backups Frequently and Regularly
Backup Appropriate Portions of the Database When Making Structural Changes
Back Up Often-used Tablespaces Frequently
Back Up after Performing Unrecoverable/Unlogged Operations
Keep Older Backups
Database Backups After Using the RESETLOGS Option
Export Database Data for Added Protection and Flexibility
Consider Distributed Database Backups
Test Backup and Recovery Strategies
Creating a Backup Strategy
Backup Strategies in NOARCHIVELOG Mode
Backup Strategies in ARCHIVELOG Mode
Backing Up Online Redo Logs
The Dangers Associated with Backing Up Online Redo Logs

4 Choosing Recovery Strategies

Recovery Concepts and Strategies
Important Recovery Data Structures
Recovery Planning
Factors Determining Your Recovery Strategy
Recovery Operations

5 Choosing a Backup Method

Backup Methods and Requirements
Recovery Manager
Operating System (O/S)
Export
Enterprise Backup Utility
Recovery Manager
Using Oracle Enterprise Manager to Perform Recovery Manager Backups
Recovery Manager is Different from Traditional Operating System Backups
Backups to Disk
Backups to Sequential Media
Feature Comparison of Backup Methods

6 Getting Started with Recovery Manager

Decisions to Make Before Using Recovery Manager
Will You Use a Recovery Catalog?
Decide Whether or Not to Use Password Files
Decide How to Back Up init.ora Files and Password Files
Recovery Manager Connection Options
Connecting to Recovery Manager Without a Recovery Catalog
Connecting to Recovery Manager With a Recovery Catalog
Running Recovery Manager Commands
Running Recovery Manager Commands Interactively: Example 1
Using Command Files: Example 2
Using Stored Scripts: Example 3
Specifying Time Parameters in Recovery Manager
Recovery Manager Sample Scripts and Scenarios
Prerequisites for Performing Backups to Tape
Linking with a Media Manager
Generating Unique File Names
Know Your Media Manager's Maximum File Size Limit

7 Recovery Manager Concepts

Introduction to Recovery Manager
Backing Up to Sequential Media
The Recovery Catalog
Operating with a Recovery Catalog
Operating without a Recovery Catalog
Snapshot Control File
Stored Scripts
Recovery Manager Backup Types
Backup Sets
Full and Incremental Backup Sets
Image Copies
Corruption Detection
Channel Control
Parallelization
Factors Affecting Degree of Parallelization
Multiplexed Backup Sets
Report Generation
User Tags for Recovery Manager Backups
Backup Constraints
Restore Constraints
Integrity Checking
Fractured Block Detection During Open Database Backups in Recovery Manager
Tracking Archive Logs
Cataloging Image Copies and Archive Logs

8 Performing Backup and Recovery with Recovery Manager

Installing the Recovery Catalog
Registering a Database
Maintaining the Recovery Catalog
Registering a Target Database with the Recovery Catalog
Resetting the Information in the Recovery Catalog
Resynchronizing the Recovery Catalog with a Target Database
Changing the Availability of a Backup Set or File Copy
Cataloging User-Created Backup Files
Recovering a Lost or Damaged Recovery Catalog Database
Using Channel Control Commands
Channel Control Commands
Generating Reports
Generating a Report
Generating Lists
Maintaining Scripts
Creating and Replacing Scripts
Deleting Scripts
Printing Scripts
Configuring the Snapshot Control File Location
Backing Up Files
Performing Backups
Backing Up: Scenario
Copying Files
Copy Command Specifiers
Restoring Files
Database Point-In-Time Recovery
File Selection
Restore Destination for Datafiles
Restore Destination for Control Files
Replicating Control Files
Restore Destination for Archived Logs
Guidelines for Restoring Datafiles
Restore Command Operand List
Switching Datafiles
Recovering Datafiles
Guidelines for Recovering Datafiles
Database Point-In-Time Recovery
Recovery Commands
Recover Command Object List
Monitoring Backups and Restores
Connecting a Session to Channels
Monitoring Progress

9 Recovery Manager Scenarios

Backing Up in NOARCHIVELOG Mode
Backing Up Databases and Tablespaces
Backing Up a Database
Backing Up a Tablespace
Backing Up Individual Datafiles
Backing Up the Control File
Backing Up Archived Logs
Backing Up in a Parallel Server Environment
Copying Datafiles
Incremental Backups
Handling Errors
Using O/S Utilities To Make Copies
Keeping Backups
Restoring and Recovering
Restore and Recover When the Database Is Open
Restore
Database Point-In-Time Recovery
Querying the Recovery Catalog
Using the Report Command for Complex Recovery Catalog Queries

10 Recovery Manager Tablespace Point-in-Time Recovery

Introduction to Recovery Manager Tablespace Point-in-Time Recovery
Planning for Recovery Manager Tablespace Point-in-Time Recovery
Limitations
Recovery Manager TSPITR Planning Requirements
Performing Recovery Manager Tablespace Point-In-Time Recovery
Back Up Tablespaces After Recovery Manager TSPITR Is Complete
Tuning Considerations
Specify a New Name for Datafiles in Auxiliary Set Tablespaces
Set the Clone Name and Use a Datafile Copy for Recovery Manager TSPITR
Use the Converted Datafile Name

11 Performing Operating System Backups

Performing Backups
Listing Database Files Before Backup
Performing Whole Database Backups
Performing Tablespace, Datafile, Control File or Archivelog Backups
Performing Control File Backups
Recovering From a Failed Online Tablespace Backup
Using the Export and Import Utilities for Supplemental Database Protection
Using Export
Using Import

12 Recovering a Database

Coordinate Distributed Recovery
Coordinate Time-Based and Change-Based Distributed Database Recovery
Recover Database with Snapshots
Recovery Scenarios
Recovering a Closed Database
Recovering an Offline Tablespace in an Open Database
Starting Recovery During Instance Startup
Applying Redo Log Files
Applying Log Files
Interrupting Media Recovery
Restoring a Whole Database Backup, NOARCHIVELOG Mode
Specifying Parallel Recovery
Preparing for Media Recovery
Media Recovery Commands
Issues Common to All Media Recovery Operations
Performing Complete Media Recovery
Performing Closed Database Recovery
Performing Open-Database, Offline-Tablespace Individual Recovery
Performing Open-Database, Offline-Tablespace Individual Recovery
Performing Incomplete Media Recovery
Performing Cancel-based Recovery
Performing Time-based Recovery
Performing Change-based Recovery
Preparing for Disaster Recovery
Planning and Creating a Standby Database
Altering the Physical Structure of the Primary Database
Unrecoverable Objects and Recovery
Read-only Tablespaces and Recovery
Using a Backup Control File
Re-creating a Control File
Recovery Procedure Examples
Types of Media Failures
Loss of Datafiles
Loss of Online Redo Log Files
Loss of Archived Redo Log Files
Loss of Control Files
Recovery From User Errors

13 Performing Tablespace Point-in-Time Recovery

Introduction to Tablespace Point-in-Time Recovery
Planning for Tablespace Point-in-Time Recovery
Limitations Advisory
TSPITR Requirements
Performing Tablespace Point-In-Time Recovery
Step 1: Find Out if Objects Will be Lost when Performing TSPITR
Step 2: Research and Resolve Dependencies on the Primary Database
Step 3: Prepare the Primary Database for TSPITR
Step 4: Prepare the Parameter Files for the Clone Database
Step 5: Prepare Clone Database for TSPITR
Step 6: Recover the Clone Database
Step 7: Open the Clone Database
Step 8: Prepare the Clone Database for Export
Step 9: Export the Clone Database
Step 10: Copy the Recovery Set Clone Files to the Primary Database
Step 11: Import into the Primary Database
Step 12: Prepare the Primary Database for Use
Step 13: Back Up the Recovered Tablespaces in the Primary Database
Performing Partial TSPITR of Partitioned Tables
Step 1: Create a Table on the Primary Database for Each Partition Being Recovered
Step 2: Drop the Indexes on the Partition Being Recovered
Step 3: Exchange Partitions with Stand-Alone Tables
Step 4:Take the Recovery Set Tablespace Offline
Step 5: Create Tables at Clone Database
Step 6: Drop Indexes on Partitions Being Recovered
Step 7: Exchange Partitions with Stand-Alone Tables
Step 8: Export the Clone Database
Step 9: Copy the Recovery Set Datafiles to the Primary Database
Step 10: Import into the Primary Database
Step 11: Bring Recovery Set Tablespace Online
Step 12: Exchange Partitions with Stand-Alone Tables
Step 13: Back Up the Recovered Tablespaces in the Primary Database
Performing TSPITR of Partitioned Tables When a Partition Has Been Dropped
Step 1: Find the Low and High Range of the Partition that Was Dropped
Step 2: Create a Temporary Table
Step 3: Delete Records From Partitioned Table
Step 4: Take Recovery Set Tablespaces Offline
Step 5: Create Tables at Clone Database
Step 6: Drop Indexes on Partitions Being Recovered
Step 7: Exchange Partitions with Stand-Alone Tables
Step 8: Export the Clone Database
Step 9: Copy the Recovery Set Datafiles to the Primary Database
Step 10: Import into the Primary Database
Step 11: Bring Recovery Set Tablespace Online
Step 12: Insert Stand-Alone Tables into Partitioned Tables
Step 13: Back Up the Recovered Tablespaces in the Primary Database
Performing TSPITR of Partitioned Tables When a Partition Has Been Split
Step 1: Drop the Lower of the Two Partitions at the Primary Database
Step 2: Drop Indexes of Partitions Being Recovered
Step 3: Exchange Partitions with Stand-Alone Tables
Step 4: Take Recovery Set Tablespaces Offline
Step 5: Create Tables at Clone Database
Step 6: Drop Indexes in Partitions Being Recovered
Step 7: Exchange Partitions with Stand-Alone Tables
Step 8: Export the Clone Database
Step 9: Copy the Recovery Set Datafiles to the Primary Database
Step 10: Import into the Primary Database
Step 11: Bring Recovery Set Tablespace Online
Step 12: Exchange Partitions with Stand-Alone Tables
Step 13: Back Up the Recovered Tablespaces in the Primary Database
TSPITR Tuning Considerations
Recovery Set Location Considerations
Backup Control File Considerations

A Recovery Manager Command Syntax

allocateForDelete
allocate
archivelogRecordSpecifier
atClause
backup
backupSpec
catalog
change
connect
copy
copyOption
createScript
deleteScript
host
inputfile
list
listObjList
needBackupOperand
primary_key
printScript
recover
register
release
replaceScript
replicate
report
reportObject
reset
restoreObject
restore
restoreSpecOperand
resync
releaseForDelete
rmanCmd
reportObsoleteOperand
run
set
setPragma
sql
switch
untilClause
validate

Glossary



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