Oracle Call Interface Programmer's Guide, Volumes 1 & 2
Release 8.0

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C
Oracle Reserved Words, Keywords and Namespaces

This appendix lists words that have a special meaning to Oracle. Each word plays a specific role in the context in which it appears. For example, in an INSERT statement, the reserved word INTO introduces the tables to which rows will be added. But, in a FETCH or SELECT statement, the reserved word INTO introduces the output host variables to which column values will be assigned.

The following sections are included:

Oracle Reserved Words and Keywords

Oracle reserved words have a special meaning to Oracle and so cannot be redefined. For this reason, you cannot use them to name database objects such as columns, tables, or indexes.

Keywords also have a special meaning to Oracle but are not reserved words and so can be redefined. However, some might eventually become reserved words, so care should be taken when using them as variable or function names in an application.

The following table lists the Oracle reserved words and keywords:

Table C-1 Keywords and Reserved Words
Word   Type   Word   Type  

|  

Reserved word  

AS  

Reserved Word  

&  

Reserved word  

ASC  

Reserved Word  

:  

Reserved word  

AT  

Key Word  

,  

Reserved word  

AUDIT  

Reserved Word  

-  

Reserved word  

AUTHENTICATED  

Key Word  

=  

Reserved word  

AUTHORIZATION  

Key Word  

>  

Reserved word  

AUTOEXTEND  

Key Word  

[  

Reserved word  

AUTOMATIC  

Key Word  

<  

Reserved word  

AVG  

Key Word  

(  

Reserved word  

 

 

.  

Reserved word  

BACKUP  

Key Word  

+  

Reserved word  

BECOME  

Key Word  

]  

Reserved word  

BEFORE  

Key Word  

)  

Reserved word  

BEGIN  

Key Word  

!  

Reserved word  

BETWEEN  

Reserved Word  

/  

Reserved word  

BFILE  

Key Word  

*  

Reserved word  

BITMAP  

Key Word  

^  

Reserved word  

BLOB  

Key Word  

@  

Reserved word  

BLOCK  

Key Word  

 

 

BODY  

Key Word  

ACCESS  

Reserved Word  

BY  

Reserved Word  

ACCOUNT  

Key Word  

 

 

ACTIVATE  

Key Word  

CACHE  

Key Word  

ADD  

Reserved Word  

CACHE_INSTANCES  

Key Word  

ADMIN  

Key Word  

CANCEL  

Key Word  

ADVISE  

Key Word  

CASCADE  

Key Word  

AFTER  

Key Word  

CAST  

Key Word  

ALL  

Reserved Word  

CFILE  

Key Word  

ALL_ROWS  

Key Word  

CHAINED  

Key Word  

ALLOCATE  

Key Word  

CHANGE  

Key Word  

ALTER  

Reserved Word  

CHAR  

Reserved Word  

ANALYZE  

Key Word  

CHAR_CS  

Key Word  

AND  

Reserved Word  

CHARACTER  

Key Word  

ANY  

Reserved Word  

CHECK  

Reserved Word  

ARCHIVE  

Key Word  

CHECKPOINT  

Key Word  

ARCHIVELOG  

Key Word  

CHOOSE  

Key Word  

ARRAY  

Key Word  

CHUNK  

Key Word  

ARRAYLEN  

Key Word  

CLEAR  

Key Word  

CLOB  

Key Word  

DATAFILE  

Key Word  

CLONE  

Key Word  

DATAFILES  

Key Word  

CLOSE  

Key Word  

DATAOBJNO  

Key Word  

CLOSE_CACHED_OPEN_CURSORS  

Key Word  

DATE  

Reserved Word  

CLUSTER  

Reserved Word  

DBA  

Key Word  

COALESCE  

Key Word  

 

 

COBOL  

Key Word  

 

 

COLUMN  

Reserved Word  

 

 

COLUMNS  

Key Word  

DEALLOCATE  

Key Word  

COMMENT  

Reserved Word  

DEBUG  

Key Word  

COMMIT  

Key Word  

DEC  

Key Word  

COMMITTED  

Key Word  

DECIMAL  

Reserved Word  

COMPATIBILITY  

Key Word  

DECLARE  

Key Word  

COMPILE  

Key Word  

DEFAULT  

Reserved Word  

COMPLETE  

Key Word  

DEFERRABLE  

Key Word  

COMPOSITE_LIMIT  

Key Word  

DEFERRED  

Key Word  

COMPRESS  

Reserved Word  

DEGREE  

Key Word  

COMPUTE  

Key Word  

DELETE  

Reserved Word  

CONNECT  

Reserved Word  

DEREF  

Key Word  

CONNECT_TIME  

Key Word  

DESC  

Reserved Word  

CONSTRAINT  

Key Word  

DIRECTORY  

Key Word  

CONSTRAINTS  

Key Word  

DISABLE  

Key Word  

CONTENTS  

Key Word  

DISCONNECT  

Key Word  

CONTINUE  

Key Word  

DISMOUNT  

Key Word  

CONTROLFILE  

Key Word  

DISTINCT  

Reserved Word  

CONVERT  

Key Word  

DISTRIBUTED  

Key Word  

COST  

Key Word  

DML  

Key Word  

COUNT  

Key Word  

DOUBLE  

Key Word  

CPU_PER_CALL  

Key Word  

DROP  

Reserved Word  

CPU_PER_SESSION  

Key Word  

DUMP  

Key Word  

CREATE  

Reserved Word  

 

 

CURRENT  

Reserved Word  

EACH  

Key Word  

CURRENT_SCHEMA  

Key Word  

ELSE  

Reserved Word  

CURRENT_USER  

Key Word  

ENABLE  

Key Word  

CURSOR  

Reserved Word  

END  

Key Word  

CYCLE  

Key Word  

ENFORCE  

Key Word  

 

 

ENTRY  

Key Word  

DANGLING  

Key Word  

ESCAPE  

Key Word  

DATABASE  

Key Word  

ESTIMATE  

Key Word  

EVENTS  

Key Word  

GO  

Key Word  

EXCEPT  

Key Word  

GOTO  

Key Word  

EXCEPTIONS  

Key Word  

GRANT  

Reserved Word  

EXCHANGE  

Key Word  

GROUP  

Reserved Word  

EXCLUDING  

Key Word  

GROUPS  

Key Word  

EXCLUSIVE  

Reserved Word  

 

 

EXEC  

Key Word  

HASH  

Key Word  

EXECUTE  

Key Word  

HASHKEYS  

Key Word  

EXISTS  

Reserved Word  

HAVING  

Reserved Word  

EXPIRE  

Key Word  

HEADER  

Key Word  

EXPLAIN  

Key Word  

HEAP  

Key Word  

EXTENT  

Key Word  

 

 

EXTENTS  

Key Word  

IDENTIFIED  

Reserved Word  

EXTERNALLY  

Key Word  

IDGENERATORS  

Key Word  

 

 

IDLE_TIME  

Key Word  

FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS  

Key Word  

IF  

Key Word  

FALSE  

Key Word  

IMMEDIATE  

Reserved Word  

FAST  

Key Word  

IN  

Reserved Word  

FETCH  

Key Word  

INCLUDING  

Key Word  

FILE  

Reserved Word  

INCREMENT  

Reserved Word  

FIRST_ROWS  

Key Word  

INDEX  

Reserved Word  

FLAGGER  

Key Word  

INDEXED  

Key Word  

FLOAT  

Reserved Word  

INDEXES  

Key Word  

FLOB  

Key Word  

INDICATOR  

Key Word  

FLUSH  

Key Word  

IND_PARTITION  

Key Word  

FOR  

Reserved Word  

INITIAL  

Reserved Word  

FORCE  

Key Word  

INITIALLY  

Key Word  

FOREIGN  

Key Word  

INITRANS  

Key Word  

FORTRAN  

Key Word  

INSERT  

Reserved Word  

FOUND  

Key Word  

INSTANCE  

Key Word  

FREELIST  

Key Word  

INSTANCES  

Key Word  

FREELISTS  

Key Word  

INSTEAD  

Key Word  

FROM  

Reserved Word  

INT  

Key Word  

FULL  

Key Word  

INTEGER  

Reserved Word  

FUNCTION  

Key Word  

INTERMEDIATE  

Key Word  

 

 

INTERSECT  

Reserved Word  

GLOBAL  

Key Word  

INTO  

Reserved Word  

GLOBALLY  

Key Word  

IS  

Reserved Word  

GLOBAL_NAME  

Key Word  

ISOLATION  

Key Word  

ISOLATION_LEVEL  

Key Word  

MAXSIZE  

Key Word  

 

 

MAXTRANS  

Key Word  

KEEP  

Key Word  

MAXVALUE  

Key Word  

KEY  

Key Word  

MIN  

Key Word  

KILL  

Key Word  

MEMBER  

Key Word  

 

 

MINIMUM  

Key Word  

LABEL  

Key Word  

MINEXTENTS  

Key Word  

LANGUAGE  

Key Word  

MINUS  

Reserved Word  

LAYER  

Key Word  

MINVALUE  

Key Word  

LESS  

Key Word  

MLSLABEL  

Reserved Word  

LEVEL  

Reserved Word  

 

 

LIBRARY  

Key Word  

 

 

LIKE  

Reserved Word  

MODE  

Reserved Word  

LIMIT  

Key Word  

MODIFY  

Reserved Word  

LINK  

Key Word  

MODULE  

Key Word  

LIST  

Key Word  

MOUNT  

Key Word  

LISTS  

Key Word  

MOVE  

Key Word  

LOB  

Key Word  

MTS_DISPATCHERS  

Key Word  

LOCAL  

Key Word  

MULTISET  

Key Word  

LOCK  

Reserved Word  

 

 

LOCKED  

Key Word  

NATIONAL  

Key Word  

LOG  

Key Word  

NCHAR  

Key Word  

LOGFILE  

Key Word  

NCHAR_CS  

Key Word  

LOGGING  

Key Word  

NCLOB  

Key Word  

LOGICAL_READS_PER_CALL  

Key Word  

NEEDED  

Key Word  

LOGICAL_READS_PER_SESSION  

Key Word  

NESTED  

Key Word  

LONG  

Reserved Word  

NETWORK  

Key Word  

 

 

NEW  

Key Word  

MANAGE  

Key Word  

NEXT  

Key Word  

MANUAL  

Key Word  

NOARCHIVELOG  

Key Word  

MASTER  

Key Word  

NOAUDIT  

Reserved Word  

MAX  

Key Word  

NOCACHE  

Key Word  

MAXARCHLOGS  

Key Word  

NOCOMPRESS  

Reserved Word  

MAXDATAFILES  

Key Word  

NOCYCLE  

Key Word  

MAXEXTENTS  

Reserved Word  

NOFORCE  

Key Word  

MAXINSTANCES  

Key Word  

NOLOGGING  

Key Word  

MAXLOGFILES  

Key Word  

NOMAXVALUE  

Key Word  

MAXLOGHISTORY  

Key Word  

NOMINVALUE  

Key Word  

MAXLOGMEMBERS  

Key Word  

NONE  

Key Word  

NOORDER  

Key Word  

 

 

NOOVERRIDE  

Key Word  

PACKAGE  

Key Word  

NOPARALLEL  

Key Word  

PACKED  

Key Word  

NORESETLOGS  

Key Word  

PARALLEL  

Key Word  

NOREVERSE  

Key Word  

PARTITION  

Key Word  

NORMAL  

Key Word  

PASSWORD  

Key Word  

NOSORT  

Key Word  

PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME  

Key Word  

NOT  

Reserved Word  

PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME  

Key Word  

NOTFOUND  

Reserved Word  

PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME  

Key Word  

NOTHING  

Key Word  

PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX  

Key Word  

NOWAIT  

Reserved Word  

PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME  

Key Word  

NULL  

Reserved Word  

PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION  

Key Word  

NUMBER  

Reserved Word  

PCTFREE  

Reserved Word  

NUMERIC  

Key Word  

PCTINCREASE  

Key Word  

NVARCHAR2  

Key Word  

PCTTHRESHOLD  

Key Word  

 

 

PCTUSED  

Key Word  

OBJECT  

Key Word  

PCTVERSION  

Key Word  

OBJNO  

Key Word  

PERCENT  

Key Word  

OBJNO_REUSE  

Key Word  

PERMANENT  

Key Word  

OF  

Reserved Word  

PLAN  

Key Word  

OFF  

Key Word  

PLI  

Key Word  

OFFLINE  

Reserved Word  

PLSQL_DEBUG  

Key Word  

OID  

Key Word  

POST_TRANSACTION  

Key Word  

OIDINDEX  

Key Word  

PRECISION  

Key Word  

OLD  

Key Word  

PRESERVE  

Key Word  

ON  

Reserved Word  

PRIMARY  

Key Word  

ONLINE  

Reserved Word  

PRIOR  

Reserved Word  

ONLY  

Key Word  

PRIVATE  

Key Word  

OPCODE  

Key Word  

PRIVATE_SGA  

Key Word  

OPEN  

Key Word  

PRIVILEGE  

Key Word  

OPTIMAL  

Key Word  

PRIVILEGES  

Reserved Word  

OPTIMIZER_GOAL  

Key Word  

PROCEDURE  

Key Word  

OPTION  

Reserved Word  

PROFILE  

Key Word  

OR  

Reserved Word  

PUBLIC  

Reserved Word  

ORDER  

Reserved Word  

PURGE  

Key Word  

ORGANIZATION  

Key Word  

 

 

 

 

QUEUE  

Key Word  

OVERFLOW  

Key Word  

QUOTA  

Key Word  

OWN  

Key Word  

 

 

RANGE  

Key Word  

SCAN_INSTANCES  

Key Word  

RAW  

Reserved Word  

SCHEMA  

Key Word  

RBA  

Key Word  

SCN  

Key Word  

READ  

Key Word  

SCOPE  

Key Word  

 

 

SD_ALL  

Key Word  

REAL  

Key Word  

SD_INHIBIT  

Key Word  

REBUILD  

Key Word  

SD_SHOW  

Key Word  

RECOVER  

Key Word  

SECTION  

Key Word  

RECOVERABLE  

Key Word  

SEGMENT  

Key Word  

RECOVERY  

Key Word  

SEG_BLOCK  

Key Word  

REF  

Key Word  

SEG_FILE  

Key Word  

REFERENCES  

Key Word  

SELECT  

Reserved Word  

REFERENCING  

Key Word  

SEQUENCE  

Key Word  

REFRESH  

Key Word  

SERIALIZABLE  

Key Word  

RENAME  

Reserved Word  

SESSION  

Reserved Word  

REPLACE  

Key Word  

SESSION_CACHED_CURSORS  

Key Word  

RESET  

Key Word  

SESSIONS_PER_USER  

Key Word  

RESETLOGS  

Key Word  

SET  

Reserved Word  

RESIZE  

Key Word  

SHARE  

Reserved Word  

RESOURCE  

Reserved Word  

SHARED  

Key Word  

RESTRICTED  

Key Word  

SHARED_POOL  

Key Word  

RETURN  

Key Word  

SHRINK  

Key Word  

RETURNING  

Key Word  

SIZE  

Reserved Word  

REUSE  

Key Word  

SKIP  

Key Word  

REVERSE  

Key Word  

SKIP_UNUSABLE_INDEXES  

Key Word  

REVOKE  

Reserved Word  

SMALLINT  

Reserved Word  

ROLE  

Key Word  

SNAPSHOT  

Key Word  

ROLES  

Key Word  

SOME  

Key Word  

ROLLBACK  

Key Word  

SORT  

Key Word  

ROW  

Reserved Word  

SPECIFICATION  

Key Word  

ROWID  

Reserved Word  

SPLIT  

Key Word  

ROWLABEL  

Reserved Word  

SQL  

Key Word  

ROWNUM  

Reserved Word  

SQLBUF  

Reserved Word  

ROWS  

Reserved Word  

SQLCODE  

Key Word  

RULE  

Key Word  

SQLERROR  

Key Word  

 

 

SQLSTATE  

Key Word  

SAMPLE  

Key Word  

SQL_TRACE  

Key Word  

SAVEPOINT  

Key Word  

STANDBY  

Key Word  

SB4  

Key Word  

START  

Reserved Word  

STATEMENT_ID  

Key Word  

TX  

Key Word  

STATISTICS  

Key Word  

TYPE  

Key Word  

STOP  

Key Word  

 

 

STORAGE  

Key Word  

UB2  

Key Word  

STORE  

Key Word  

UBA  

Key Word  

STRUCTURE  

Key Word  

UID  

Reserved Word  

SUCCESSFUL  

Reserved Word  

UNARCHIVED  

Key Word  

SUM  

Key Word  

UNDER  

Key Word  

SWITCH  

Key Word  

UNDO  

Key Word  

SYS_OP_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL$  

Key Word  

UNION  

Reserved Word  

SYS_OP_NTCIMG$  

Key Word  

UNIQUE  

Reserved Word  

SYNONYM  

Reserved Word  

UNLIMITED  

Key Word  

SYSDATE  

Reserved Word  

UNLOCK  

Key Word  

SYSDBA  

Key Word  

UNPACKED  

Key Word  

SYSOPER  

Key Word  

UNRECOVERABLE  

Key Word  

SYSTEM  

Key Word  

UNTIL  

Key Word  

 

 

UNUSABLE  

Key Word  

TABLE  

Reserved Word  

UNUSED  

Key Word  

TABLES  

Key Word  

UPDATABLE  

Key Word  

TABLESPACE  

Key Word  

UPDATE  

Reserved Word  

TABLESPACE_NO  

Key Word  

USAGE  

Key Word  

TABNO  

Key Word  

USE  

Key Word  

TEMPORARY  

Key Word  

USER  

Reserved Word  

THAN  

Key Word  

USING  

Key Word  

THE  

Key Word  

 

 

THEN  

Reserved Word  

VALIDATE  

Reserved Word  

THREAD  

Key Word  

VALIDATION  

Reserved Word  

TIMESTAMP  

Key Word  

VALUE  

Reserved Word  

TIME  

Key Word  

VALUES  

Reserved Word  

TO  

Reserved Word  

VARCHAR  

Reserved Word  

TOPLEVEL  

Key Word  

VARCHAR2  

Reserved Word  

TRACE  

Key Word  

VARYING  

Key Word  

TRACING  

Key Word  

VIEW  

Reserved Word  

TRANSACTION  

Key Word  

 

 

TRANSITIONAL  

Key Word  

WHEN  

Key Word  

TRIGGER  

Reserved Word  

WHENEVER  

Reserved Word  

TRIGGERS  

Key Word  

WHERE  

Reserved Word  

TRUE  

Key Word  

WITH  

Reserved Word  

TRUNCATE  

Key Word  

WITHOUT  

Key Word  

WORK  

Key Word  

 

WRITE  

Key Word  

 

 

XID  

Key Word  

PL/SQL Reserved Words

For information about PL/SQL reserved words and keywords, refer to the
PL/SQL User's Guide and Reference.

Oracle Reserved Namespaces

Table C-2 contains a list of namespaces that are reserved by Oracle. The initial characters of function names in Oracle libraries are restricted to the character strings in this list. Because of potential name conflicts, use function names that do not begin with these characters.

For example, the SQL*Net Transparent Network Service functions all begin with the characters NS," so you need to avoid naming functions that begin with "NS."

Table C-2 Oracle Reserved Namespaces
Namespace   Library  

XA  

external functions for XA applications only  

SQ  

external SQLLIB functions used by Oracle Precompiler and SQL*Module applications  

O, OCI  

external OCI functions internal OCI functions  

UPI, KP  

function names from the Oracle UPI layer  

NA
NC
ND
NL
NM
NR
NS
NT
NZ
OSN
TTC  

SQL*Net Native services product
SQL*Net RPC project
SQL*Net Directory
SQL*Net Network Library layer
SQL*Net Net Management Project
SQL*Net Interchange
SQL*Net Transparent Network Service
SQL*Net Drivers
SQL*Net Security Service
SQL*Net V1
SQL*Net Two task  

GEN, L, ORA  

Core library functions  

LI, LM, LX  

function names from the Oracle NLS layer  

S  

function names from system-dependent libraries  

The list in Table C-2 is not a comprehensive list of all functions within the Oracle Reserved Namespaces. For a complete list of functions within a particular namespace, refer to the document that corresponds to the appropriate Oracle library.




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